Impact of High Lymph Node Burden on Brain Metastases in Patients Who Achieved Pathological Complete Response after Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in HER2-Positive Breast Cancer

초록

Purpose This study aims to investigate the clinical characteristics, outcomes, and predictors of brain metastases in human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive advanced breast cancer patients who achieved pathological complete response (pCR) following neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC). This research seeks to inform surveillance strategies and optimize management for high-risk subgroups.<br /> Materials and Methods A retrospective analysis of 1,757 patients (2008-2022) classified them into pCR (n=914) and non-pCR (n=843) groups post-NAC. Collected data included demographics, clinical features, and metastasis parameters. Survival outcomes and brain metastasis predictors were assessed using Kaplan-Meier curves, Cox models, and logistic regression.<br /> Results Among pCR patients, brain metastases accounted for 54.2% of distant metastases, significantly affecting overall survival (p < 0.001). Median distant metastasis-free survival was shorter for brain metastases (13.4 months) compared to extracranial metastases (31.1 months) in the pCR group (p=0.005). Positive supraclavicular node (SCN) fine needle aspiration (FNA) and clinical N3 (cN3) category were the strongest predictors of brain metastases (SCN FNA: odds ratio [OR], 12.9; p < 0.001; cN3: OR, 12.1; p < 0.001). Multivariable Cox regression analysis revealed that positive SCN FNA and cN3 category were strong predictors of reduced distant metastasis-free survival (SCN FNA: hazard ratio, 2.5; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.3 to 3.6; p < 0.001; cN3: hazard ratio, 11.3; 95% CI, 4.9 to 33.0; p < 0.001).<br /> Conclusion This study highlights the challenges of brain metastases in HER2-positive pCR patients, emphasizing the need for tailored therapeutic strategies and enhanced surveillance. High lymph node burden prior to NAC is a significant factor in risk assessment. Therefore, it may be advisable to recommend post-surgery surveillance for high-risk patients.

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